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A dotted lunate sigma (sigma periestigmenon, Ͼ) was used by Aristarchus of Samothrace (220–143 BC) as an editorial sign indicating that the line marked as such is at an incorrect position. Similarly, a reversed sigma (antisigma, Ͻ), may mark a line that is out of place. A dotted antisigma (antisigma periestigmenon, Ͽ) may indicate a line after which rearrangements should be made, or to variant readings of uncertain priority.

Today, it is known as lunate sigma (uppercase Ϲ, lowercase ϲ), because of its crescent-like shape, and is still widely used in decorative typefaces in Greece, especially in religious and church contexts, as well as in some modern print editions of classical Greek texts.

Komunikat w sprawie przedłużenia naboru wniosków o dofinansowanie w ramach naboru FEMA.05.05-IP.01-042/24(decyzja 13 sierpnia 2024 r.)

Sigma (/ˈsɪɡmə/ SIG-mə;[1] uppercase Σ, lowercase σ, lowercase in word-final position ς; Greek: σίγμα) is the eighteenth letter of the Greek alphabet. In the system of Greek numerals, it has a value of 200. In general mathematics, uppercase Σ is used as an operator for summation. When used at the end of a letter-case word (one that does not use all caps), the final form (ς) is used. In Ὀδυσσεύς (Odysseus), for example, the two lowercase sigmas (σ) in the center of the name are distinct from the word-final sigma (ς) at the end. The Latin letter S derives from sigma while the Cyrillic letter Es derives from a lunate form of this letter.

In Greek inscriptions from the late first century BC onwards, Ͻ was an abbreviation indicating that a man's father's name is the same as his own name, thus Dionysodoros son of Dionysodoros would be written Διονυσόδωρος Ͻ (Dionysodoros Dionysodorou).[7][8]

Sigma's original name may have been san, but due to the complicated early history of the Greek epichoric alphabets, san came to be identified as a separate letter in the Greek alphabet, represented as Ϻ.[2] Herodotus reports that "san" was the name given by the Dorians to the same letter called "sigma" by the Ionians.[i][3]

Wniosek o dofinansowanie projektu jest przygotowywany i składany wyłącznie w formie dokumentu elektronicznego za pomocą systemu obsługi wniosków aplikacyjnych MEWA 2.0. System służy do obsługi wniosków o dofinansowanie w ramach programu Fundusze Europejskie dla Mazowsza 2021-2027.

Zapisz się do naszego Newslettera i otrzymuj ciekawe porady dotyczące Funduszy Europejskich prosto na swoja skrzynkę pocztową!

In handwritten Greek during the Hellenistic period (4th–3rd century BC), the epigraphic form of Σ was simplified into a C-like shape,[5] which has also been found on coins from the 4th century BC onward.[6] This became the universal standard form of sigma during late antiquity and the Middle Ages.

Sigma was adopted in the Old Italic alphabets beginning in the 8th century BC. At that time a simplified three-stroke version, omitting the lowermost stroke, was already found in Western Greek alphabets, and was incorporated into classical Etruscan and Oscan, as well as in the earliest Latin epigraphy (early Latin S), such as the Duenos inscription. The alternation between three and four (and occasionally more than four) strokes was also adopted into the early runic alphabet (early form of the s-rune). Both the Anglo-Saxon runes and the Younger Futhark consistently use the simplified three-stroke version.

According to one hypothesis,[4] the name "sigma" may continue that of Phoenician samekh (), the letter continued through Greek xi, represented as Ξ. Alternatively, the name may have been a Greek innovation that simply meant 'hissing', from the root of σίζω (sízō, from Proto-Greek *sig-jō 'I hiss').[2]

In Unicode, the above variations of lunate sigma are encoded as U+03F9 Ϲ GREEK CAPITAL LUNATE SIGMA SYMBOL; U+03FD Ͻ GREEK CAPITAL REVERSED LUNATE SIGMA SYMBOL, U+03FE Ͼ GREEK CAPITAL DOTTED LUNATE SIGMA SYMBOL, and U+03FF Ͽ GREEK CAPITAL REVERSED DOTTED LUNATE SIGMA SYMBOL.

Mazowiecka Jednostka Wdrażania Programów Unijnych informuje, że 13 sierpnia 2024 r. Zarząd Województwa Mazowieckiego podjął decyzję o przedłużeniu terminu naboru wniosków w ramach naboru FEMA.05.05-IP.01-042/24 do 31 października 2024 r. Przedłużenie terminu naboru podyktowane jest prośbami zgłaszanymi przez potencjalnych wnioskodawców.

Mazowiecka Jednostka Wdrażania Programów Unijnych z siedzibą w Warszawie przy. ul. Inflanckiej 4, 00-189 Warszawa, pełniąca rolę Instytucji Pośredniczącej, ogłasza nabór w ramach Priorytetu V Fundusze Europejskie dla wyższej jakości życia na Mazowszu, Działania 5.5 Infrastruktura społeczna, nr FEMA.05.05-IP.01-042/24, Typ projektu: Tworzenie infrastruktury społecznej w ramach deinstytucjonalizacji usług i reintegracji społecznej.

The Miscellaneous Technical Unicode block also has two characters that represent the top and bottom of a double-height sigma: U+23B2 ⎲ SUMMATION TOP and U+23B3 ⎳ SUMMATION BOTTOM.

These characters are used only as mathematical symbols. Stylized Greek text should be encoded using the normal Greek letters, with markup and formatting to indicate text style.